Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and results from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells, most often caused by cumulative or intense sun exposure. There are many types of skin cancer, the three most common are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Early detection through regular skin examinations is critical, as most skin cancers are highly treatable when identified at an early stage.

Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and typically develops on sun-exposed areas of the skin. It usually grows slowly and rarely spreads but can cause significant local tissue damage if left untreated. 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the outer layers of the skin and is often linked to chronic sun exposure. It may present as a scaly patch, firm nodule, or non-healing sore. Early diagnosis and treatment are important, as squamous cell carcinoma carries a higher risk of internal spread than basal cell carcinoma. 

Melanoma

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer and develops from pigment-producing melanocytes. It may arise from an existing mole or appear as a new, changing lesion with irregular borders, varied color, or rapid growth. Prompt detection and treatment are critical, as early-stage melanoma is highly curable, while advanced disease can be life-threatening. 

Prevention, Early Detection and Treatment

Preventative measures can be taken to decrease risk for skin cancer. Sun protection practices include midday sun avoidance, wearing protective clothing and application of sunscreen. Preventative therapies include topical and oral medications, as well as photodynamic therapy. 

Early detection is key for a good outcome after a diagnosis of skin cancer. We recommend annual to semi-annual skin cancer screenings by our board certified dermatologists to catch skin cancers early. Skin cancers can have features that are not obvious to most people and they can have no symptoms early on. Studies have shown that a thorough skin exam annually can reduce your risk of dying from melanoma by 50%.

Treatment options include topical therapies, cryosurgery, laser therapy, radiation therapy, surgical excision, Mohs surgery, and other targeted therapies depending on location and risk factors. Each skin cancer carries variable risk due to factors such as size, location, histologic subtype, recurrence, and patient immunosuppression. Treatment plans are made based on these features, national guidelines, and at times require collaboration between our dermatologists, Mohs surgeons, dermatopathologists and may involve multidisciplinary review with our community physicians at tumor boards.